What is HTML5?
Like many people, you might still be wondering what HTML5 is exactly.
In the strictest sense, HTML is a text-based markup language used to format information that is often disseminated via the Internet. At a high level, HTML is a language that is used to structure and present text and images within a user interface. HTML5 is an augmentation of the current HTML 4.01 specification that adds new features that designers and developers will be able to use when creating their own content.
Some of the most notable changes in HTML5 are the addition of tags to support multimedia elements and dynamic graphics. This includes the <audio> tag for playing sound, the <video> tag for video playback, and the <canvas>tag for dynamic graphics, all within the web browser, and without reliance upon external software. The new multimedia elements enable modern browsers to provide a rich experience and dynamic graphics from the HTML code. Whether using video, image manipulation, or data visualization, support for these elements enables designers and developers to create rich and engaging experiences that (the drivers behind HTML5 hope) will work reliably across all platforms.
In addition to multimedia, HTML5 introduces the ability for SVG and MathML vector graphics to be linked to or embedded inline within HTML content. The inclusion of vector graphics into the HTML language enables designers and developers to include complex vector-based imagery without the need for images, and again without reliance upon third-party platforms. Not only does this allow for all content to be in a single HTML file, but it also gives you the capability to interact with SVG content through JavaScript. Interacting with vector content could be as simple as changing shape colors or as complex as animating shapes, adding user interaction to vector graphics, or even creating vector graphics dynamically at runtime.
HTML5 also introduces new types of form input elements. These new element types allow you to simply specify an input type and rely upon the browser and native methods to handle the input, validation, and formatting of information that is entered. The new input types include telephone number, email, URL, date, time, color, and various numerical formats and their different permutations. Each browser, device, and operating system has its own paradigm for input and user interaction. The new HTML5 form elements enable more robust data capture for HTML documents, which will stay within the native paradigm, and without the need or maintenance required for custom JavaScript libraries.
Another capability that HTML5 brings to the table is the introduction of semantic markup tags. Semantic tags allow you to structure your HTML content so that the document structure provides semantics, or meaning, to the content. This includes the <article> , <section> , <header> , <footer> , <aside> , <nav> , and <figure>tags, which are used to create self-describing HTML documents. These allow you to denote which parts of the HTML document are for navigation, which are for layout, and which pieces of the document contain meaningful or related content. The new semantic tags enable a higher level of organization within a given HTML document, and can be used to create content that is more easily read by search engines, aggregators, or other content-consuming applications, thus further facilitating device-to-device communication, consumption of content, and information dissemination.
In addition to these features, HTML5 introduces a simpler DOCTYPE tag/syntax than previous iterations of HTML. The HTML doctype has been drastically simplified, and valid HTML5 documents are essentially valid XML structures. Previous iterations of HTML were based upon SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), which requires specific Document Type Definitions (DTDs) to validate proper document structure. With HTML5, content is XML based and must follow valid XML formatting rules. Even though HTML5 content doesn't require a DTD, the simpler<!DOCTYPE HTML> must be required to ensure that browsers behave appropriately.
While technically being a markup language, HTML5 also encompasses several new DOM APIs, which are exposed by browsers in their JavaScript DOM implementation. With the new multimedia tags new APIs are available for consuming and interacting with multimedia content. This includes playback controls for audio and video, as well as an API for programmatically manipulating the visual content within a <canvas> element. In addition to multimedia, HTML5 also introduces several new JavaScript APIs that support offline applications, native drag-and-drop, user-editable content, enhanced browser history integration, and even the ability to register file types with a web application.
Although this isn't an exhaustive list of the changes coming with HTML5, it should give you an idea of what will be possible with the new standard. For full details of the latest changes regarding HTML5, be sure to check out the W3C published spec and changes from HTML4 online or browse the full HTML5 spec online.
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Here are a few useful HTML5 resources to get you started:
